The EU AI Act creates a multi-layer governance architecture. At the EU level, the AI Office sits within the European Commission and is the primary supervisory body for GPAI models with systemic risk and for ensuring consistent application across the EU. The AI Board, composed of one representative from each Member State, advises the Commission and facilitates coordination.
- AI Office (Commission): supervises GPAI systemic risk models, issues guidance, coordinates enforcement
- AI Board: coordinates national competent authorities, advises Commission on technical standards
- Advisory Forum: multi-stakeholder body providing expertise and recommendations to AI Office and AI Board
- Scientific Panel: independent expert group advising on systemic risk identification for GPAI models
- National Competent Authorities: designated by each Member State under Article 70 for market surveillance
Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Article 64
“The Commission shall establish the AI Office. The AI Office shall be responsible for implementing, monitoring, and supervising AI models and AI systems, as well as AI governance and coordination at Union level.”